How to Plant and Space Grape Vines

Planting and spacing grape vines properly is crucial for their healthy growth and optimal fruit production. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:

Choosing the Right Site

1. Location: Select a site with full sun exposure (at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily).
2. Soil: Ensure well-drained soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Avoid areas with heavy clay or waterlogged soil.
3. Air Circulation: Good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases. Avoid low-lying areas where cold air and frost can settle.

Preparing the Site

1. Clear the Area: Remove weeds and debris. Grapevines do not compete well with weeds.
2. Soil Preparation: Test the soil and amend it if necessary. Incorporate organic matter like compost to improve soil structure and fertility.

Planting Grape Vines

1. Timing: Plant dormant bare-root grapevines in early spring or potted vines anytime during the growing season.
2. Hole Preparation: Dig a hole large enough to accommodate the root system. Typically, a hole 12 inches deep and 12 inches wide is sufficient.
3. Planting Depth: Place the vine in the hole so that the root crown is level with the soil surface. Spread the roots out gently.
4. Backfill and Water: Refill the hole with soil, firm it gently around the roots, and water thoroughly.

Spacing Grape Vines

1. Row Spacing: Space rows about 8-10 feet apart to allow for equipment access and good air circulation.
2. Vine Spacing: Space individual grapevines 6-8 feet apart within the row. This distance can vary slightly based on the grape variety and the training system you plan to use.

Training Systems and Support

1. Trellis System: Install a trellis system to support the vines. Common systems include the vertical shoot position (VSP), high cordon, and Geneva double curtain.
2. Stakes and Wires: Use sturdy stakes and wire to guide the growth of the vines. Position the bottom wire about 2-3 feet above the ground for initial training.

Initial Care

1. Mulching: Apply mulch around the base of the vines to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Keep the mulch a few inches away from the vine stems to prevent rot.
2. Watering: Water newly planted vines regularly during the first growing season to establish a strong root system. Avoid overwatering.
3. Pruning: Prune the vines annually during the dormant season to shape the vine and promote healthy growth. Remove any suckers and excess shoots.

Ongoing Maintenance

1. Fertilization: Fertilize grapevines based on soil test recommendations. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which can promote excessive vegetative growth at the expense of fruit production.
2. Pest and Disease Control: Monitor for common pests and diseases such as grapevine moths, powdery mildew, and downy mildew. Use appropriate control measures as needed.
3. Training and Pruning: Continue to train and prune the vines annually to maintain the desired shape and encourage fruit production.

By following these steps, you can ensure your grapevines are planted and spaced correctly, promoting healthy growth and bountiful harvests.